SUPERVISORY COMPETENCE AND INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP OF DEPED’ SECONDARY SCHOOL HEADS ITS RELATION TO TEACHERS’ PERFORMANCE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/ephijer.v7i3.103Keywords:
Supervisory Competence, Instructional Leadership, Teachers’ Performance, Instructional SupervisionAbstract
The study was aimed to analyze the supervisory competence and instructional leadership skills of school heads in secondary schools of Eastern Visayas region. This dissertation was conducted purposively in three (3) provinces of Eastern Visayas under six (6) division offices of DepEd Region VIII namely: Borongan City Division, Eastern Samar Division, Catbalogan City Division, Samar Division, Leyte Division and Tacloban City Division. A total of 181 school heads and 181 teachers both Junior High and Senior High School were the participants. This study used the descriptive and correlational design that is deemed suitable as the study described profiles of school heads and the supervisory competence in terms of: learning environment, human resource development and management, and parents’ involvement and community, and school leadership, management and operations at the same time validate its relation to teachers’ performance. Stratified random sampling technique was used and the number of respondents was determined using the Slovin’s formula. Proportional sampling was also utilized to determine the proportional allocation of each school. Necessary data were gathered through an adapted and adopted questionnaires via in person modality. The level of significance was set at .05 for rejecting and accepting the null hypothesis. Results of the study revealed that the variables age, number of years of experience as head, monthly income, and position revealed no significant relationship to with supervisory competence with the p-values 635, .443, .371, .259. and .008 respectively which are greater than the .05 level of significance. On the other hand, educational attainment is statistically significant to supervisory competence of public secondary school heads in the Eastern Visayas region. Hence, the null hypothesis stating that there is no significant relationship between the socio-demographic profile and supervisory competence of secondary public secondary school heads cannot be rejected. Analysis to test the association between supervisory competence of public secondary school heads and the level of teachers’ performance based on their IPCR and Self-efficacy was done. As presented, the supervisory competence of school heads revealed no significant relationship with the teachers’ performance based on the IPCR with a p-value of .108 which is greater than the level of significance set at .05. Further, supervisory competence is statistically associated to self-efficacy of teachers (p=.001). Hence, the null hypothesis stating that there is no significant relationship between the supervisory competence of school heads and teachers’ performance is rejected in terms of their self-efficacy.
References
. Ampofo, S.Y. (2019) Influence of School Head’s Direct Supervision on Teacher Role Performance in Public Senior High Schools, Central Region, Ghana. International Academic Forum. Retrieved from iafor.org/journal/iafor-journal
. Beach, D.M. & Reinhartz, J. (2000). Supervisory Leadership: Focus on Instruction. Boston: Allyn and Bacon retrieved from sciepub.com/reference/27
. Belin, R. (2009). “What Every Supervisor Should Know”. New York. McGraw Hill Publishing House, New York, USA.
. Bernard, J., Goodyear, R. (2020) Fundamentals of Clinical Supervision, 6th Edition retrieved from amazon.com/fundamentals in counselling
. Blase, J. (1998). “Handbook of Instructional Leadership: How Really Good Principals Promote Teaching and Learning”. Thousands Oak, California, Corwin Press, Inc.
. Bridges, E. (1967). Instructional leadership: A concept reexamined. Journal of Educational Administration, 5(2), 136-147.
. Brock, J. D., Beach, D. M., Musselwhite, M., & Holder, I. (2021). Instructional supervision and the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives from principals. Journal of Educational Research and Practice, 11, 168–180 retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5590/JERAP.2021.11.1.12
. Chizhik, E.W. & Chizhik, A. W. (2018) Using Activity Theory to Examine How Teachers Lesson Plans Meet Students Learning Needs. Teacher Educator, 53 (1), 67-85.
. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River R J: Pearson Education.
. Daing, C.A., (2017) School’s Administrators’ Instructional Leadership Skills and Teachers’ Performance and Efficacy in Senior High Schools in the National Capital Region, Philippines. Our Lady of Fatima University, Graduate School.
. David, M., Sutton, C.D., Social Research: An Introduction. 2nd Edition ISBN-13: 978- 1847870131 retrieved from amazon.com
. Day et.al. (2011), Hallam, P.R., Smith, H.R., Hite, J.M., & Wilcox, R. (2015), Louis and Wahlstrom (2012). Trust and Collaboration in PLC Teams: Teacher Relationships, Principal Support, and Collaborative Benefits. NASSP Bulletin 99retrieve from researchgate.net/publication
. Department of Education, Bulacan, Philippines received 11 March 2020; Revised 4 June 2020; Accepted 9 June 2020and Business, 1(2), 211220.
. DepEd Order No. 2, s. 2015 Rules on the Establishing and Application of RPMS in DepEd.
. DepEd Order No. 36 s. 1988 Updated Guidelines on Field Supervision DepEd Order No. 41 s. 1994 Revised Guidelines on Field Supervision
. DepEd order No. 42 s. 2017 National Adoption and Implementation of the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST).
. Department of Education. “Manual on Instructional Supervision: Standards, Tools, and Practices for School Administrators: DepEd Technical Panel, Basic Education Sector Reform Agenda (BESRA), Pasig City, NCR, Philippines.
. Dolorosa, R. S. (2020) Administrators’ Performance in Compliance with the Standards for Instructional Supervision in the National Capital Region: Basis for Enhanced Supervisory Plan, IJCRT | Volume 8, Issue 7 July 2020 | ISSN: 2320-2882
. Duff, C., & Shahin, J. (2010). Conflict in Clinical Supervision: Antecedents, Impact, Amelioration, and Prevention. Alberta Counselor, p. 313-8.
. Falender, C. A., & Shafranske, E. P. (2004). Clinical supervision: A competency- based approach. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
. Friedman, H.H, & Friedman L.W., (2011) Effective Teaching Strategies and Methods of Delivery for Patient Education: A Systematic Review and Practice Guideline Recommendations
. Focho, G. N. (2001) Administrative Constraints to Teacher Effectiveness in Government Secondary Schools in the Northwest-Southwest 139 provinces of Cameron. Department of Educational Foundations University of Nigeria Nsukka
. Formoso, Darlina B. (2019) Supervision on The Determinant Factors That Effect Teacher Performance of Public Senior High School in Deli Serdang District.
. Gewasari, M.M., Belferik Manullang G., Sibuea M.A. (2017) Instruction in Education IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME) e-ISSN: 2320–7388,p-ISSN: 2320–737X Volume 7, Issue 1 Ver. IV (Jan. - Feb. 2017),12-21 retrieved from www.iosrjournals.org.
. Glewwe, P., & Kremmer, M., (2005). Schools, Teachers, and Education Outcomes in Developing Countries. Center for International Development at Harvard University.
. George R. Terry.(1986). Asas-Asas Management. Terjemahan Winardi. Bandung: Alumni.
. Glatthorn, A. A. (2000). Supervisory Leadership: Introduction to InstructionalSupervision. Glenview, IC: Scott, Froes man, Brown Higher Education.
. Glickman, C. D., Gordon, S. P., & Ross-Gordon, J. M. (2002). Supervision and Instructional Leadership (5th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
. Heck, R. H. (2007). Examining the relationship between teacher quality as an organizational property of schools and students’ achievement and growth rates. Educational Administration Quarterly, 43(4), 399-432
. Hallinger, P., (2010) Developing Successful Instructional Leadership pp.61-76 retrieved from researchgate.net/publication
. Heneman, H.G., Kimball, S.M., & Milanowski, A.T. (2009), Consortium for Policy Research in Education, Wisconsin Center for Education Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
. Herbergz, F., (1966). Work and Nature of Man (2nd ed.) New York: John Wiley. ISBN 0471373893
. Iwu, C.G., S.A. Gwija, H.O. Benedict & R.K. Tengeh, (2013). Teacher job satisfaction and learner performance in South Africa. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 5(12): 838-850. View at Google Scholar retrieved Journal of Education and e-Learning research vol.5 No. 1, 43-50, 2018
. Jimenez, E. C (2020). Emotional Quotient, Work Attitude and Teaching Performance of Secondary School Teachers 1Schools Division of City of Meycauayan retrieved from Journal of Pedagogical Sociology & Psychology, Volume 2, Issue 1, 2020.
. Johnston, W.R., Kaufman, J.H., & Thompson, L.E. (2016), Supervision, Mentoring, and Professional Development for U.S.retrieved from www.rand.org./t/RR1580- 1.
. Khoshnoodfar, P., & Pahlavani, P. (2018) The Predictability of Iranian EFL Teacher’s Emotional Quotient (EQ) With Their Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 3 (3), 158-168.
. Kolb, D.A. (1984) Experential Learning: Experience As The Source of Learning and Development. Prentice-Hall. ISBN: 0132952610
. Lardizabal, A., et.al (2003) Principles and Methods of Teaching. Phoenix Press Inc. Quezon City
. Lapuz, M., ( 2010) Journal on the Principles and Methods of Teaching retrieved from academia.edu
. Leithwood, K. & Jantzi, D. (1999). The relative effects of principal and teachers sources of leadership on student engagement with school. Educational Administration Quarterly, p.35, 679-706.
. Lonto, A.L., Pasandaran, S., & Pangalila, T.(2018) Emotional Quotient, Family Environment and Their Influences on Teacher Performance. Advances in Social Sciences, Education, and Humanities Research, 251, 124-127.
. Malik, M. E.,Samina, N., Naeem, B., & Danish, R.Q., (2010) Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment of University Teachers in Public Sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Management
. Marks, J.R. (2008). Handbook of educational supervision. Boston: Allyn and Bacon Inc.
. Marks, J.R., & Printy, M. (2003). Handbook of Educational Supervision. Boston: Allyn and Bacon Inc.
. Maxwell, L..F.., (2010) Emotional Intelligence: What works at work. Law Library Journal, 102 (1), 155-159
. Miron, G., & Nelson, C. (2002). What’s Public About Charter Schools? Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage retrieved from http://www.books.google.com.ph
. Mustafa, Y., & Othman N. (2010). Effectiveness of Supervisions conducted by Primary Education Supervisors according to School Principals’ Evaluations retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/vjer20The Journal of Educational Research, 103:6,371- 378.
. Mustafa, M. & N. Othman, (2010). The Effect of Work Motivation on Teacher’s Work Performance in Pekanbaru senior high schools, Riau Province, Indonesia. Sosiohumanika, 3(2): 259-272
. Naqvi, I. H., Iqbal, M., & Akhtar, S. N. (2016). The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Performance of Secondary School Teachers. Bulletin of Education and Research, 38 (1), 209-224
. Oyewole, B.K, & Ehinola, G.B. (2014) Relevance of Instructional Supervision in the Achievement of Effective Learning in Nigerian Secondary Schools, retrieved from the Global Journal of Commerce and Management Perspective, 3(3): 88- 92
. Pelicano, Shiella B., (2019) Instructional Delivery and Teaching Performance of Senior High School Teachers in Eastern Visayas Region: Basis for Learning and Development Plan. Eastern Samar State University, Graduate School. Republic Act No. 9155 Governance of Basic Act of 2001
. RAND Education, The American Teacher Panel and The American School Leader Panel, website, Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, undated. As of April 27, 2016: retrieved from
http://www.rand.org/education/projects/atp-aslp.html Regional Memorandum No. 367 s. 2020 Enhancement of the Monitoring and Supervision Tools for School Heads and Teachers
. Regional Memorandum No. 367 s. 2020 on the Enhancement of the Monitoring and Supervision Tools for Curriculum Implementation Division (CID) for School Heads and Teachers
. Robinson, S. (2009). Teaching Style of Teachers in the Colleges of Education. Journal on School Educational Technology, 5 (2), 51-55.
. Robinson, S. (2009). Teaching style of teachers in the colleges of education. Journal on School Educational Technology, 5 (2), 51-55.
. Salvador, J.T., & Salvador, S.J.T. (2016). Transforming Organization through Instructional Leadership (TOILS), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia retrieved from European Scientific Journal November vol.12, No.31 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431
. Salvador, J. T. (2016). Integrated Development Model (IMD): A Systematic Review and Reflection. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 12(19)
. Salvador, J. T. (2016). Integrated Development Model (IMD): A Systematic Review and Reflection. Retrieved from European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 12(19).
. Schon, D., (2001) The Reflective Practitioner, and the Comparative Failures of Legal education retrieved from scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu
. Sergiovanni, J. et.al. (2018). The principalship: A reflective practice perspective (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Retrieved from Baraton Interdisciplinary research Journal (Special Issue) pp 1-7
. Shafiq, M., & Rana, A.R. (2016) Relationship of Emotional Intelligence to Organizational Commitment of College Teachers in Pakistan retrieved from Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 62, 1-14
. Sharma, S. (2012). Instructional Leadership Model through Asian Principals’ Perspectives. International Conference on Education and Management Innovation IPEDR vol.30. IACSIT Press, Singapore.
. Smith, K. (2009). A Brief Summary of Supervision Models. Stoltenberg, C. D., McNeill, B., & Delworth, U. (1998). IDM supervision: An integrated developmental model for supervising counselors and therapists. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
. Smith W. (2009). Instructional leadership: How principals make a difference.
. Alexandria, VA: Association For Supervision and Curriculum Development.
. Sullivan, S., & Glanz, J. (2000). Supervision that improves teaching, strategies and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Corwin Press, Inc.
. Stoltenberg, C.D., McNeill, B., & Delworth, U. (1998), IDM Supervision: An Integrated Developmental Model for Supervising Counselors and Therapists retrieved from psycnet.apa.org/record/19
. So, K., Hu,Y., & Park, J., (2017) Making our schools more creative: Korea’s efforts and challenges. International Education Journal: Comparative Perspectives, 16 (4) 77-88.
. Ul-Hassan, M. (2016). Emotional Intelligence: As a Predictor of Organizational Commitment of College Teachers. European Journal of European Journal of Social Sciences Studies, 1 (1), 41-64
. Thomas, G. (2011), A Typology for the Case Study in Social Science Following a Review of Definition, Discourse, and Structure. Qualitative Inquiry, 17,511-521 retrieved from http://dx.doi.org./10.1177/1077800411409884
. Wahyudi, (2018). The influence of emotional intelligence, competence and work environment on teacher performance of SMP Kemala Bhayangkari Jakarta. retrieved from Scientific Journal of Reflection: Economic, Accounting, Management and Business, 1(2), 211-220.
. Wanzare, Z., (2011) Instructional Supervision in Public Secondary Schools in Kenya. Educational Management Administration & Leadership retrieved from journals.sagepub.com/doi
. William R. Johnston, Julia H. Kaufman, and Lindsey E. Thompson (2016). Supervision, Mentoring, and Professional Development for U.S. School Leaders: Findings from the American School Leader Panel
. Zepeda, S. (2003) The Principal as an Instructional Leader: A Handbook of Supervision. Eye on Education, New York. p. 134-37
. Zepeda, S. J. (2007). Cognitive dissonance, supervision, and administrative team conflict. International Journal of Educational Management, 20(3), 224-232.
. Zepeda, S. J. (2017). Instructional supervision: Applying tools and concepts (4th ed.). New York, NY: Routledg
