AN OVERVIEW OF INDIA’S PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION POLICIES AND OUTCOMES (2005–2011)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/ephijer.v8i4.177Keywords:
Primary Education, Learning Outcomes, Educational Policy, Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education , Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)Abstract
The period between 2005 and 2011 represents a transformative era in the history of Indian education. Marked by the transition from the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) framework to the constitutional mandate of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009, this era saw unprecedented shifts in enrollment and infrastructure. This paper examines the evolution of primary education policies, the legislative milestones of the 11th Five-Year Plan, and the subsequent outcomes in literacy rates and learning quality. While quantitative successes in Universal Elementary Education (UEE) were significant, the paper highlights the persistent "learning crisis" that emerged during this period.
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